Bachelor of Computer Applications: Ubuntu

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A comprehensive list of commands needed when using Ubuntu: 
 
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Command privileges. 
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   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> sudo command - run command as root 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo su – root shellopen 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo su user – open shell as a user 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo -k – forget your password sudo 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gksudo command – sudo visual dialog (GNOME) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">kdesudo command – sudo visual dialog (KDE) 
   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> sudo visudo – edit / etc / sudoers 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gksudo nautilus – root file manager (GNOME) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">kdesudo konqueror – root file manager (KDE) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">passwd – change your password  
 Command Network 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ifconfig – displays information network 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">iwconfig – displays information from wireless 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo iwlist scan – scan wireless networks 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart – reset the network 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">(file) /etc/network/interfaces – manual configuration 
   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> ifup interface – bring online interface 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ifdown interface – disable interface  
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Commands Display 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart – reset X (Gnome) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo /etc/init.d/kdm restart – reset X (KDE) 
   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> (file) /etc/X11/xorg.conf – show Configuration 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">sudo dpkg-reconfigure - reconfigure xserver-xorg-phigh - reset configuration X 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ctrl+Alt+Bksp – X display reset if frozen 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ctrl+Alt+FN – switch to tty N 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Ctrl+Alt+F7 – switch back to X display  
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Commands Service System. 
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    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">start service – service to start work (Upstart) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">stop service – service to stop working (Upstart) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">status service – check if service is running (Upstart) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/init.d/service start – start service (SysV) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/init.d/service stop – stop service (SysV) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/init.d/service status – check service (SysV) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">/etc/init.d/service restart – reset service (SysV) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">runlevel – get current runlevel  
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Commands for Firewall. 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ufw enable – turn on the firewall 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ufw disable – turn off the firewall 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ufw default allow – allow all connections by default 
   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> ufw default deny – drop all connections by default 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ufw status – current rules and 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ufw allow port – to allow traffic on port 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ufw deny port – port block 
   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> ufw deny from ip – ip block  
 Command System. 
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    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">lsb_release -a – get the version of Ubuntu 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">uname -r – get kernel version 
   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> uname -a – get all the information kernel  
 Commands for Package Manager. 
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   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> apt-get update – refresh updates available 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">apt-get upgrade – update all packages 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">apt-get dist-upgrade – version update 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">apt-get install pkg – installing pkg 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">apt-get remove pkg – uninstall pkg 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">apt-get autoremove – removing packages obsotletos 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">apt-get -f install – try to fix packages 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dpkg –configure -a – try to fix a broken package 
   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> dpkg -i pkg.deb – install file pkg.deb 
   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> (file) /etc/apt/sources.list – list of repositories APT  
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Special Packages For commands. 
   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> ubuntu-desktop – Setting the standard Ubuntu 
   <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> kubuntu-desktop –KDE Desktop <span style="border: none; color: blue; font-family: inherit !important; font-size: inherit !important; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: static; vertical-align: baseline;"><span class="kLink" style="background-image: none; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-style: none !important; border-left-width: 0px !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-right-width: 0px !important; border-top-style: none !important; border-top-width: 0px !important; display: inline !important; float: none !important; font-family: inherit !important; font-size: inherit !important; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 1px !important; position: static; vertical-align: baseline; width: auto !important;">  
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">xubuntu-desktop – desktop XFCE 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ubuntu-minimal – core earnings Ubuntu 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ubuntu-standard – the standard utilities Ubuntu 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ubuntu-restricted-extras – not free, but useful 
    kubuntu<span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">-restricted-extras – ditto KDE 
    xubuntu<span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">-restricted-extras – ditto XFCE 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">build-essential – packages used to compile 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">linux-image-generic – latest generic kernel image 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">linux-headers-generic – latest headlines  
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Applications commands. 
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    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">nautilus – File Manager (GNOME) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">dolphin – File Manager (KDE) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">konqueror – Web browser (KDE) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">kate – text editor (KDE) 
    <span style="border: none; color: red; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">gedit – text editor (GNOME)<span style="border: none; font-family: 'Lithos Pro', tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: 22px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"> </div>

Useful Commands in Ubuntu

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